#3
 Test  Your  Knowledge
The Age of Jackson
Tocqueville's America
Emergence of American Culture
Early Reform Movements
Manifest Destiny
The Mexican War


The following multiple-choice questions are academically synonymous to those which appeared on the College Board Advanced Placement National Examination in United States History prior to 2015. They have been adapted from past National Exams, various College Board matter offering sample questions, and assorted APUSH review manuals widely available through common retail outlets. No item is an exact copy of any material previously published. The questions address political, social, economic, intellectual, and diplomatic history. While the multiple-choice format currently used by the College Board deviates from the conventional style, the items included here can nevertheless serve as effective learning support. This review set is intended for private use and educational purpose only and may not be sold or marketed in any manner.



  DIRECTIONS: Using knowledge obtained through class lecture and assigned reading, coupled with the ability
  to reason logically, select the best response from among the four suggested completions for each statement.


  1. The prime impetus behind the outburst of organized reform movements in the United States from the 1820s to the 1850s was:

    1. territorial expansion
    2. religious fervor
    3. urban growth
    4. economic vigor


  2. A distinguishing feature of American society in the early nineteenth century was the:

    1. creation of original forms of art and architecture
    2. disdain for voluntary civic associations
    3. lack of enthusiasm for religious reform
    4. increasing readership of newspapers


  3. Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following except:

    1. internal improvements at national government expense
    2. sale of federal lands to finance higher education
    3. increased trade among the sections of the nation
    4. tariff for the protection of industry


  4. The American Colonization Society was established during the early 1800s with the goal of:

    1. encouraging immigration of laborers from Europe
    2. supporting the movement of Manifest Destiny
    3. transporting blacks to Africa
    4. managing Indian reservations to assure humane treatment


  5. The 1848 women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest against:

    1. using female workers in textile factories
    2. abuses of slave women on southern plantations
    3. failure of the Whig Party to endorse national suffrage for women
    4. customs and laws that gave women status inferior to that of men


  6. The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is associated with the position of:

    1. the Free Soil Party
    2. Senator Robert Hayne in his famous 1830 debate with Senator Daniel Webster
    3. evangelical churches throughout both the North and the South
    4. William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator


  7. In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American technology was his:

    1. perfection of assembly-line manufacturing
    2. introduction of interchangeable parts
    3. development of the first practical locomotive
    4. invention of the mechanical reaper


  8. The correct statement below regarding utopian societies of the early 1800s is:

    1. "Shakers embraced gender equality by limiting contact between men and women and practicing celibacy"
    2. "Oneida adopted traditional social values with men working in factories and women staying in the home performing domestic chores"
    3. "New Harmony established a rigid social order that was believed to reflect nature’s laws"
    4. "Brook Farm rejected traditional notions of marriage and family, thereby liberating women"


  9. The development of the concept of "separate spheres" for the sexes during the early nineteenth century encouraged all of the following except:

    1. designation of the home as the appropriate place for women
    2. acceptance of males and females as intellectual equals
    3. idealization of the "lady"
    4. emphasis on child care as one of the prime duties of females


  10. During the presidential administration of Andrew Jackson:

    1. the economy flourished as a result of Jackson's ingenious fiscal policies
    2. several Supreme Court rulings laid to rest the problematic issue of states' rights
    3. the number of banks, each printing its own currency, increased
    4. Congress passed the first of many measures providing for Indian Removal


  11. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was significant because it:

    1. established the role of the federal government in internal improvements
    2. spurred innovation in the railroad industry
    3. made the invention of the steamboat economically viable
    4. strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions


  12. An important consequence of the "Tariff of Abominations" is that it led to:

    1. heavy taxation of consumer items
    2. another presidential term for Andrew Jackson
    3. enunciation of the doctrine of nullification
    4. alliance of southern planters and western farmers


  13. Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States after the potato famine of the 1840s settled in:

    1. urban areas throughout the North
    2. Appalachia and some western frontier regions
    3. rural sections of the Old Northwest
    4. coastal cities across the South


  14. The basic thrust of John Quincy Adams’s foreign policy, as Secretary of State and later President, was to:

    1. secure American borders and strengthen the peace with Great Britain
    2. militarize the Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico in the name of national security
    3. shed all remnants of dependence on European products by economically isolating America
    4. conquer global commercial rivals through shrewd economic measures


  15. The Second Great Awakening differed most from the First Great Awakening in that:

    1. the First valued both reason and emotion as ways to understand God’s messages whereas the Second downplayed the role of logic, common sense, and direct observation as necessary tools of Christian faith
    2. the Second stressed the omnipotent power of God to determine salvation or damnation, whereas the First held that God was the ultimate Creator but did not typically meddle in day-to-day events of Earth
    3. the First stressed that reason alone allowed an individual to communicate with God, whereas the Second advocated prayer and divine revelation as the primary means of communication between God and Christians
    4. the Second believed that each person contained the capacity for redemption through good works and acceptance of God as the Savior, whereas the First, although it moved away from Puritan predestination, nevertheless placed a significant emphasis on an all-powerful God as the determiner of one’s salvation


  16. The National Road, the only significant federal internal project undertaken prior to 1820, was constructed primarily for the purpose of:

    1. assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country
    2. promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest
    3. demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase
    4. relieving overpopulation and crowding in the New England states


  17. In the early 1800s, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from:

    1. President Andrew Jackson
    2. reform-minded white residents of Oklahoma
    3. the Supreme Court
    4. Congress


  18. The historical reference to "spot resolutions" is in regard to:

    1. individual tribes within the general policy of Indian Removal
    2. the wave of social reform during the mid-1800s
    3. hostile action between Mexican and American forces resulting in war
    4. the question of funding for internal improvements


  19. Reform movements in America during the early 1800s were distinctive because:

    1. women played a major role as both members and leaders of various movements
    2. many of the reforms were funded by the federal government
    3. reformers came exclusively from the ranks of white America
    4. most spokesmen maintained narrow identification with one movement and ignored other areas of needed reform


  20. The largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century came from:

    1. France
    2. Ireland
    3. Germany
    4. England


  21. The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following except the belief that:

    1. commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base
    2. westward continental expansion was both inevitable and beneficial
    3. use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting
    4. God designated America as a chosen land and people


  22. American wit and culture meshed well during the Jacksonian Era because the humor:

    1. often reflected the absurdity of a country attempting to combine democracy and culture
    2. provided an outlet for people of all sorts to release their fears and anxieties about the rapidly changing American society
    3. allowed the poor and powerless to vent their anger at the wealthy and powerful
    4. expressed displeasure at the rampant political corruption which had infiltrated the American presidency


  23. The emphasis on educational reform in the early 1800s paralleled the spirit of the age because it:

    1. focused on unleashing individuals’ talents
    2. opposed religious intrusion
    3. advocated a system of education based on socio-economic status
    4. stressed gender equality


  24. The statement describing best the policy of Mexico's government toward Texas during the first half of the nineteenth century is:

    1. "Mexico tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana Purchase"
    2. "during the mid-1830s Mexico stressed the importance of establishing strong local government in Texas"
    3. "American settlement in Texas was encouraged by Mexico during the 1820s and early 1830s"
    4. "Texas was governed by Mexico under stringent regulations in the 1820s"


  25. The main issue in James K. Polk's 1844 presidential campaign was his solid commitment to:

    1. territorial acquisition and westward expansion
    2. various social reform movements
    3. compromise between North and South regarding the increasingly volatile issue of slavery
    4. economic prosperity through increased development of foreign trade


  26. A man who had visited the United States in the 1830s wrote that "unmarried women in America were unusually emancipated." You would probably give the most credence to his judgment about American women if you also found that:

    1. other travelers in the 1830s who came from the same country as the author had arrived at the same conclusion
    2. modern social psychologists contend that America is a "feminine" culture
    3. other travelers during that time from many different nations had come to the same conclusion as the author
    4. women of the middle class during the 1830s were increasingly attracted to the "cult of true womanhood"


  27. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the central and western areas of New York were known as the "burned-over district" due to:

    1. intense religious zeal created during the Second Great Awakening
    2. savage Indian raids aimed at regaining land lost to white settlers in previous decades
    3. continued crop failures perpetuated by a series of especially harsh winters
    4. severe economic woes lingering from the Embargo Act of 1807


  28. The statement which best sums the political philosophy of President Andrew Jackson is:

    1. "believing that government could be a force for good in society, Jackson favored wholesale implementation of reform measures and humanitarian movements"
    2. "advocating that a true democracy meant limited executive power, Jackson typically deferred to Congress and the Supreme Court for crucial policy-making decisions"
    3. "viewing the proper role of government in a negative way, Jackson used the power of veto more extensively than all previous Presidents combined"
    4. "realizing the strengths of Martin Van Buren’s presidency, Jackson attempted to maintain, as much as possible, the direction of the previous administration"


  29. In the first few years of their existence, the textile mills at Lowell, Massachusetts, were best known for their:

    1. humanitarian refusal to hire women and children as factory operatives
    2. brutal treatment of their work forces
    3. idealistic endeavors to avoid the worst evils of British industrialization
    4. pioneering efforts to establish labor unions


  30. The conjoined themes of self-reliance/individual inspiration and dissent/nonconformity were most evident in the:

    1. policies of President John Tyler
    2. writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson
    3. songs of Stephen Foster
    4. paintings of John Singleton Copley


  31. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all presented defense of:

    1. the institution of slavery as an economic necessity in the South
    2. maintaining a powerful national military force to deter foreign attack
    3. the concept of states' rights
    4. high protective tariffs to encourage home industry


  32. The rapid expansion of American population and geographic area in the early 1800s had somewhat of a paradoxical result in that it:

    1. made America more vulnerable to European military attack and political control
    2. produced an acute sense of insecurity and lack of confidence among the general American public
    3. halted all American desires for territorial expansion and inhabitation
    4. endangered national unity by creating new differences among Americans, often tied to geographic sections



        

  33. The general theme conveyed by the drawing above would have been supported most enthusiastically by:

    1. Whig Party members
    2. advocates of aggressive territorial expansion
    3. states' righters and Indian sympathizers
    4. opponents of the National Bank


  34. The failure of various experimental utopian societies during the early nineteenth century can be universally attributed to:

    1. problems arising as a direct result of locations poorly selected for communes such as Indian massacres, especially infertile soil, or extremely harsh weather
    2. stiff government regulations, including taxation
    3. lack of agreement among members concerning societal philosophies and operating methods
    4. atypical practices regarding sexual conduct, such as polygamy


  35. The principle trend in Supreme Court rulings while John Marshall presided as Chief Justice was to:

    1. make the southern and western states somewhat subordinate to New England
    2. weaken the sovereignty of the national government by limiting the position of the federal courts
    3. strengthen the power of the states at the expense of the federal government
    4. widely expand the federal government's powers, especially those of the Supreme Court


  36. The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first "modern" election because:

    1. the major candidates participated in a series of scheduled public debates
    2. it was the first real test of America's developing two-party political system
    3. the candidates made clear their positions on most of the major issues
    4. both parties for the first time widely campaigned among all the eligible voters


  37. The correct statement below describing crop and land use patterns in the United States by the 1830s is:

    1. "the Old Northwest boomed with land development and production of corn and wheat"
    2. "industry in New England languished following the War of 1812, causing a revival of New England agriculture"
    3. "cotton growing skyrocketed in the Southwest while land prices plummeted"
    4. "small farmers began to invade the South while large southern planters moved in significant numbers to the West"


  38. According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of:

    1. uneven distribution of wealth
    2. absence of an aristocracy
    3. limited geographic mobility
    4. vast urbanization


  39. During the early 1820s and 1830s, the American political system:

    1. grew more democratic
    2. fragmented into a multi-party system
    3. became mired in dishonesty and inefficiency
    4. fell under control of the business elite


  40. Of the following, the group most likely to have expressed opposition to the policy of Manifest Destiny was:

    1. settlers in western Kentucky
    2. voters for James K. Polk in the presidential election of 1844
    3. supporters of the Ostend Manifesto
    4. members of the Whig Party in Congress during the Mexican War



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